Himmah: Jurnal Kajian Islam Kontemporer

Ekofeminisme dalam Perspektif Islam Modern terhadap Peran Perempuan dalam Gerakan Konservasi Berbasis Agama di Indonesia

Aris Munandar — 2026-06-28

Environmental damage and the escalation of the climate crisis in Indonesia have placed women in the most vulnerable position while triggering the birth of a distinctive ecological agency at the grassroots level. This research aims to analyze the role of women in the faith-based conservation movement in Indonesia through the lens of ecofeminism in the perspective of modern Islam. Using a qualitative method through a descriptive-analytical type of literature research, this study dissects the theological reconstruction of anthropocentric and gender-biased religious interpretations. The results of the study show that modern Islamic thought provides a solid legitimacy base for women's ecological leadership by integrating the principles of inclusive caliphate and the pillars of environmental conservation into Islamic law. The real contribution pioneered by Islamic women's organizations in Indonesia, such as 'Aisyiyah, Muslimat, and Fatayat NU, proved to be not just an ordinary social-domestic action but a form of legitimate articulation of ecological citizenship politics in the public sphere. Through independent waste management programs, living space advocacy, and green Islamic boarding school networks, Muslim women have succeeded in transforming green theology into structured ecosystem saving actions. This study concludes that strengthening women's ecological leadership is an absolute prerequisite that determines the success of climate resilience in order to realize the benefits of the people in the future.

Keywords: Ecofeminism, Modern Islamic Thought, Women's Role, Religion-Based Conservation

Keabsahan Smart Contract dalam Transaksi pada Bursa Terdesentralisasi Berbasis Automated Market Maker dan Perlindungan Konsumen dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam

Eeng Wicaksono — 2026-06-28

Decentralized exchanges based on automated market makers (AMMs) use smart contracts to execute crypto-asset swaps without order matching by a centralized exchange operator. This article examines the role of such code under Indonesian contract law, the assessment of token swaps under Islamic law, and legal protection for DEX users. The research is normative and applies statutory, conceptual, and limited comparative approaches covering Malaysia, Singapore, the United Arab Emirates, and the European Union. It finds that smart-contract code may form or perform part of a transaction, while legal validity still depends on consent, capacity, a sufficiently certain object, and a lawful cause. Pseudonymity chiefly complicates verification, evidence, and remedies. Under Islamic law, a smart contract is not a contracting subject. Bai‘ al-mu‘athah may explain consent expressed through conduct, but the parties must still be identified by examining ownership, protocol structure, and the allocation of control. Token classification and the possible presence of riba, gharar, maysir, tadlis, and qabd must be assessed in light of the asset's function and the circumstances of the transaction. User protection may be strengthened through identifiable responsibility, risk disclosure, security governance, complaint handling, and clear dispute-resolution arrangements. The legal assessment of DEX transactions is therefore fact-specific rather than determined solely by the technology employed.

Keywords: smart contract; decentralized exchange; automated market maker; Islamic contract; consumer protection; crypto-assets

Kerja Sama Arab Saudi – Amerika Serikat dalam Pengembangan Sektor Pariwisata Sebagai Strategi Diversifikasi Ekonomi Arab Saudi dalam Vision 2030

Raihan Niki Athiyah — 2026-06-28

This study is motivated by Saudi Arabia's heavy economic dependence on the oil sector, which prompted the government to launch Saudi Vision 2030, with the tourism sector serving as one of the primary instruments for economic diversification, supported by strategic cooperation with the United States. This research aims to analyze the implementation of Saudi Vision 2030 in developing the tourism sector and to examine the role of Saudi Arabia–United States cooperation in supporting this economic transformation, including the forms of cooperation, their impacts, and the challenges of implementation during the 2020–2025 period. This study employs a qualitative method with a descriptive-analytical approach, utilizing secondary data obtained from official government documents, academic journals, reports published by international organizations, and credible media sources. The data were analyzed through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that the bilateral relationship between Saudi Arabia and the United States, which was initially characterized by the oil-for-security framework, has expanded into non-oil sectors, including foreign direct investment (FDI), technology, renewable energy, and defense and security. The United States has made a significant contribution to Saudi Arabia's economic diversification agenda through investment, technology transfer, and human capital development, generating positive impacts on economic growth, fiscal and monetary policies, and Saudi Arabia's geostrategic position. Nevertheless, this cooperation also faces socio-cultural, ecological, and political-economic challenges, including Saudi Arabia's declining bargaining power as a result of the United States' energy self-sufficiency, as well as the limited level of domestic public awareness regarding the costs associated with the transition to renewable energy.

Keywords: Saudi Vision 2030, economic diversification, bilateral cooperation, tourism, Saudi Arabia–United States.