10.47313 Jakarta’s Indigenous Population: Social and Cultural Dynamics Through the Ages

Jakarta’s Indigenous Population: Social and Cultural Dynamics Through the Ages

Abstract

Jakarta's indigenous population, known as the Betawi people, is the product of centuries of
cultural blending and historical evolution. Their origins trace back to a mixture of local inhabitants
and various migrant groups—such as Malay, Arab, Chinese, and European settlers—who arrived
during the colonial era, particularly in the 18th and 19th centuries. This fusion of influences gave
rise to a unique ethnic identity that has become central to Jakarta’s cultural landscape. Despite the
rapid modernization and urbanization of Jakarta, the Betawi have maintained strong ties to their
traditions, reflected in cultural expressions such as lenong (traditional theater), gambang kromong
(musical ensemble), and culinary specialties like kerak telor and soto Betawi. These traditions have
transcended their community, becoming symbolic of the city itself and enriching Jakarta's cultural
diversity.Although often overshadowed by the city’s multi-ethnic population, the Betawi's
contributions continue to shape Jakarta's identity, highlighting their unique blend of historical roots
and cultural adaptability.