Kerja Sama Arab Saudi – Amerika Serikat dalam Pengembangan Sektor Pariwisata Sebagai Strategi Diversifikasi Ekonomi Arab Saudi dalam Vision 2030
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47313/jkik.v10i1.4448Abstract
This study is motivated by Saudi Arabia's heavy economic dependence on the oil sector, which prompted the government to launch Saudi Vision 2030, with the tourism sector serving as one of the primary instruments for economic diversification, supported by strategic cooperation with the United States. This research aims to analyze the implementation of Saudi Vision 2030 in developing the tourism sector and to examine the role of Saudi Arabia–United States cooperation in supporting this economic transformation, including the forms of cooperation, their impacts, and the challenges of implementation during the 2020–2025 period. This study employs a qualitative method with a descriptive-analytical approach, utilizing secondary data obtained from official government documents, academic journals, reports published by international organizations, and credible media sources. The data were analyzed through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that the bilateral relationship between Saudi Arabia and the United States, which was initially characterized by the oil-for-security framework, has expanded into non-oil sectors, including foreign direct investment (FDI), technology, renewable energy, and defense and security. The United States has made a significant contribution to Saudi Arabia's economic diversification agenda through investment, technology transfer, and human capital development, generating positive impacts on economic growth, fiscal and monetary policies, and Saudi Arabia's geostrategic position. Nevertheless, this cooperation also faces socio-cultural, ecological, and political-economic challenges, including Saudi Arabia's declining bargaining power as a result of the United States' energy self-sufficiency, as well as the limited level of domestic public awareness regarding the costs associated with the transition to renewable energy.
Keywords: Saudi Vision 2030, economic diversification, bilateral cooperation, tourism, Saudi Arabia–United States.
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