Analisis Kandungan Saponin Dalam Ekstrak Daun Sirsak (Annona muricata L) Untuk Potensi Biosurfaktan
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Abstract
Domestic waste, especially that originating from the use of synthetic detergents, is a major cause of severe environmental pollution due to its content of chemicals that are difficult to degrade and potentially harmful to aquatic ecosystems. This study aims to analyze the saponin content in Annona muricata L leaf extract and evaluate its potential as a biosurfactant in environmentally friendly detergent applications. Extraction was carried out using the maceration method with variations in the sample: solvent ratio (1:4, 1:6, 1:8, 1:10, and 1:12) using 96% ethanol. Saponin content analysis was carried out using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), while biosurfactant characterization was tested through foam height, foam stability, and pH. The results showed that the highest saponin content was obtained at a ratio of 1:10 with a content of 2.79%. The foam height test showed inconsistent variations, with the highest values at ratios of 1:6 and 1:12 of 44 mm. The highest foam stability was obtained at a ratio of 1:4 of 4.2%. All samples had a pH in the range of 5.95 – 6.79, which meets the SNI 4075-1:2017 standard for liquid detergent (pH 5 – 10). Based on these results, soursop leaf extract has the potential as a natural biosurfactant for environmentally friendly detergent formulation.
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