Fake Radicalism dan Tantangan Baru Demokrasi Indonesia (Studi Kasus Laporan GAR ITB Terhadap DIN SYAMSUDIN ke KASN dan BKN)

Abstract

In October 2020 and January 2021, the Anti-Radicalism Movement (GAR) alumni of the Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB) reported the former Chairman of Muhammadiyah, Din Syamsuddin, to the State Civil Apparatus Commission (KASN). GAR believes that Din has violated the law which prohibits the State Civil Apparatus (ASN) from engaging in politics. The accusations against Din sparked a public reaction because they were linked to radicalism. This report with nuances of stigmatization and character assassination also provoked a strong reaction from Muslims, especially the Muhammadiyah extended family, because it was considered to be cornering them. Azyumardi Azra called the report absurd, baseless and unreasonable. Din Syamsudin's reporting because he was considered radical was considered to be part of the phenomenon of the emergence of fake radicalism. This research aims to answer two main problems, namely; why can fake radicalism emerge in democratic countries and, what are the implications of fake radicalism for the sustainability and future of Indonesian democracy? This research uses a descriptive qualitative method with a case study approach. The case study raised is the phenomenon of fake radicalism in Indonesia related to the GAR Alumni ITB report against Din Syamsuddin. Analysis was carried out using a descriptive analysis approach. The data collection techniques are carried out through observation, literature study and documentation related to the research object. As for the results of the research carried out, several findings were obtained, namely that in this case, radicalism was used as a negative stigma for anyone who was considered to be against the state or politically at odds with power. Fake radicalism refers to efforts to radicalize groups that are considered to be opposed to the state (power) even though the movement, criticism or protest carried out does not in any way lead to an attempt to completely overhaul the existing social and political order using violence - religious radicalism which leads to terrorist movement. Reports about Din Syamsudin being considered radical are not only a form of academic harassment, but are also part of the phenomenon of the emergence of fake radicalism. Fake radicalism which is the basis of this stigmatization actually has the potential to threaten democracy, diversity and national political life.

Pada Oktober 2020 dan Januari 2021, Gerakan Anti Radikalisme (GAR) alumni Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB) melaporkan mantan Ketua Umum Muhammadiyah, Din Syamsuddin ke Komisi Aparatur Sipil Negara (KASN). GAR menilai Din telah melanggar Undang-Undang yang melarang Aparatur Sipil Negara (ASN) berpolitik. Tuduhan terhadap Din memicu reaksi publik karena dihubungkan dengan radikalisme. Laporan bernuansa stigmatisasi dan pembunuhan karakter ini juga memancing reaksi keras umat Islam terutama keluarga besar Muhammadiyah karena dianggap menyudutkan. Azyumardi Azra menyebut laporan itu absurd, tidak berdasar, dan tidak masuk akal. Pelaporan Din Syamsudin karena dianggap radikal, dinilai menjadi bagian dari fenomena munculnya fake radicalism atau radikalisme palsu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjawab dua permasalahan pokok yaitu; mengapa fake radicalism bisa muncul di negara demokrasi dan bagaimana implikasi fake radicalism terhadap keberlangsungan dan masa depan demokrasi Indonesia? Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Studi kasus yang diangkat adalah fenomena fake radicalism di Indonesia terkait laporan GAR Alumni ITB terhadap Din Syamsuddin. Analisis dilakukan dengan pendekatan analisis deskriptif. Adapun teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, studi pustaka serta dokumentasi yang berkaitan dengan objek penelitian. Adapun hasil penelitian yang dilakukan didapatkan beberapa temuan, yakni di kasus ini, radikalisme digunakan sebagai stigma negatif bagi siapapun yang dianggap melawan negara atau berseberangan secara politik dengan kekuasaan. Fake radicalism merujuk pada upaya meradikalkan kelompok-kelompok yang dianggap menentang negara (kekuasaan) meskipun gerakan, kritik atau protes yang dilakukan sama sekali tidak mengarah pada usaha untuk merombak secara total tatanan sosial dan politik yang ada dengan menggunakan jalan kekerasan radikalisme agama yang mengarah kepada gerakan terorisme. Laporan terhadap Din Syamsudin yang dianggap radikal, bukan saja suatu bentuk pelecehan akademik, tetapi juga menjadi bagian dari fenomena munculnya fake radicalism. Fake radicalism yang menjadi dasar stigmatisasi tersebut justru berpotensi mengancam demokrasi, keberagaman dan kehidupan politik nasional.