DIPLOMASI ENERGI DALAM EKSPOR BATUBARA INDONESIA DAN CHINA SERTA TRANSISI ENERGI DI INDONESIA

Irma Indrayani, SIP., MSi; Najmi  Firdaus

Authors

Irma Indrayani, SIP., MSi Universitas Nasional
Najmi Firdaus International Relations Department, Faculty of Social and Political Science Universitas Nasional

Keywords:

Ketahanan Energi, Keamanan Lingkungan, Diplomasi, Sekuritisasi, Indonesia, Tiongkok

Abstract

This research aims to analyze securitization in energy diplomacy between Indonesia and Tiongkok which imports coal from Indonesia, which has not yet reached its maximum potential. Tiongkok is considering increasing coal imports from other countries, including from Indonesia, which is one of the main sources and one of the largest coal exporting countries in the world. Tiongkok need coal from Indonesia to meet its coal import needs. On the other hand, Indonesia is trying to carry out an energy transition which causes a conflict of economic interests. The main issue raised in this research is how the energy diplomacy carried out by Indonesia in coal exports to Tiongkok is examined based on the theory of securitization and energy security. This research uses a qualitative approach by applying the literature study/document study method. Research findings show that in relation to Indonesia's energy diplomacy with Tiongkok through coal exports, Indonesia has not been completely able to let go of dependence on coal use. At the same time, Indonesia is also required to be able to balance energy security and environmental security.

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis sekuritisasi dalam diplomasi energi antara Indonesia dan Tiongkok yang melakukan impor batu bara dari Indonesia, yang belum mencapai potensi maksimalnya. Tiongkok mempertimbangkan untuk meningkatkan impor batu bara dari negara lain, termasuk dari Indonesia yang menjadi salah satu sumber utama sekaligus salah satu negara pengekspor batu bara terbesar di dunia. Tiongkok membutuhkan batu bara dari Indonesia untuk memenuhi kebutuhan impor batu baranya. Di sisi lain, Indonesia sedang berupaya melakukan transisi energi yang menyebabkan benturan kepentingan ekonomi. Isu utama yang diangkat dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana diplomasi energi yang dilakukan Indonesia dalam ekspor batu bara ke Tiongkok, dikaji berdasarkan teori sekuritisasi dan ketahanan energi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan menerapkan metode studi literatur/studi dokumen. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam kaitan dengan diplomasi energi Indonesia dengan Tiongkok melalui ekspor batu bara, Indonesia belum sepenuhnya mampu melepaskan ketergantungan terhadap penggunaan batu bara. Pada saat yang sama, Indonesia juga dituntut untuk mampu menyeimbangkan ketahanan energi dan keamanan lingkungan.

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