Manifestasi Economic Statecraft China dalam Proyek Kereta Cepat Jakarta-Bandung
Kata Kunci:
Economic Statecraft, Belt and Road Initiative , Kereta Cepat Jakarta – Bandung, Kebijakan Ekonomi Luar Negeri, Hubungan Bilateral China–IndonesiaAbstrak
Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis proyek Kereta Cepat Jakarta–Bandung (KCJB) sebagai fenomena economic statecraft China dalam memperluas pengaruh politik luar negerinya melalui instrumen ekonomi. Menurut William J. Norris, ada tiga elemen utama yang menunjukkan adanya economic statecraft, yaitu: 1) Adanya niat politik dalam penggunaan alat ekonomi; 2) Kontrol negara atas aktor dan instrumen ekonomi; dan 3) Munculnya hasil strategis lintas negara. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus, yaitu menjelaskan fenomena economic statecraft melalui proyek KCJB. Data penelitian dihimpun melalui studi literatur dan analisis dokumen. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proyek KCJB tidak sekadar kerja sama ekonomi, tetapi merupakan manifestasi dari kebijakan luar negeri yang disengaja. Pembiayaan oleh China Development Bank (CDB) dan pelaksanaan oleh China Railway Engineering Corporation (CREC) yang dikendalikan langsung oleh negara China, digunakan untuk memperluas pengaruh diplomatik serta menciptakan ketergantungan teknologis terhadap sistem China. Melalui proyek ini, China memperkuat posisinya di kawasan Asia Tenggara serta mengembangkan pola baru seperti diplomasi pembiayaan dan infrastruktur. Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa instrumen ekonomi telah menjadi pola baru interaksi untuk menghasilkan pengaruh politik yang strategis, sekaligus membuka ruang pengembangan konsep baru dalam hubungan internasional kontemporer.
Abstract
This research was conducted to analyze the Jakarta–Bandung High-Speed Rail (KCJB) project as a manifestation of China's economic statecraft in expanding its foreign political influence through economic instruments. According to William J. Norris, there are three main elements that indicate the presence of economic statecraft, namely: 1) The existence of political intent in the use of economic tools; 2) State control over economic actors and instruments; and 3) The emergence of cross-border strategic outcomes. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study method, which explains the phenomenon of economic statecraft through the KCJB project. Research data was collected through literature review and document analysis. The findings of this study indicate that the KCJB project is not merely an economic collaboration but rather a manifestation of deliberate foreign policy. Financing by the China Development Bank (CDB) and implementation by the state-controlled China Railway Engineering Corporation (CREC) were used to expand China's diplomatic influence and create technological dependence on Chinese systems. Through this project, China strengthens its position in Southeast Asia while advancing new models such as financing diplomacy and infrastructure diplomacy. This research demonstrates that economic instruments have become a new mode of interaction to generate strategic political influence, while also opening avenues for the development of new concepts in contemporary international relations.
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