Kajian Literatur Sistematis Inovasi Tata Kelola Pemerintahan Daerah di Era Digital & Implikasinya terhadap Akuntabilitas Publik Tahun 2020–2025

Abstract

Implementasi Sistem Pemerintahan Berbasis Elektronik (SPBE) merupakan bagian penting dari transformasi digital dalam kerangka reformasi tata kelola pemerintahan, terutama pemerintah daerah. Melalui SPBE, transformasi digital dilaksanakan untuk meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan publik, transparansi, dan akuntabilitas penyelenggaraan pemerintahan. Berbagai penelitian menunjukkan bahwa digitalisasi mampu mendorong peningkatan efektivitas pelayanan publik. Namun, implementasinya masih memperlihatkan variasi yang dipengaruhi oleh kapasitas kelembagaan, sumber daya manusia, interoperabilitas sistem, dan partisipasi masyarakat. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi implementasi inovasi tata kelola pemerintahan daerah di era digital serta implikasinya terhadap akuntabilitas publik berdasarkan hasil-hasil penelitian terdahulu. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode Systematic Literature Review (SLR) terhadap berbagai artikel ilmiah, dokumen kebijakan, dan publikasi akademik yang diterbitkan pada periode 2020–2025. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa digitalisasi tata kelola pemerintahan daerah secara umum memberikan dampak positif terhadap peningkatan transparansi, efisiensi pelayanan publik, responsivitas birokrasi, dan perluasan partisipasi masyarakat dalam pengawasan penyelenggaraan pemerintahan. Namun demikian, efektivitas implementasi masih menghadapi berbagai kendala, antara lain kesenjangan infrastruktur digital, rendahnya kompetensi aparatur, lemahnya interoperabilitas sistem informasi, serta belum optimalnya literasi digital masyarakat. Penelitian ini menawarkan model Collaborative Digital Accountability Governance sebagai pengembangan konseptual yang menempatkan integrasi teknologi, kolaborasi kelembagaan, dan partisipasi masyarakat sebagai fondasi penguatan akuntabilitas publik di era digital.

Abstract

The implementation of the Electronic-Based Government System (SPBE) constitutes a pivotal component of digital transformation within the broader framework of governmental governance reform, particularly at the regional level. Through SPBE, digital transformation is pursued to enhance the quality of public services, as well as to promote transparency and accountability in the administration of government. A growing body of research indicates that digitalisation contributes to improved effectiveness in public service delivery. Nevertheless, the actual implementation of SPBE continues to exhibit considerable variation, influenced by such factors as institutional capacity, human resource competence, system interoperability, and the extent of public participation. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of regional governance innovation in the digital era and its implications for public accountability, based on findings from prior research. The study employs a qualitative approach utilizing the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method, examining a range of scholarly articles, policy documents, and academic publications published during the period 2020–2025. The findings indicate that the digitalisation of regional governance generally yields positive effects on enhancing transparency, improving the efficiency of public service delivery, increasing bureaucratic responsiveness, and expanding public participation in the oversight of government administration. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of implementation continues to encounter various constraints, including disparities in digital infrastructure, low levels of civil service competency, weak interoperability among information systems, and suboptimal public digital literacy. This study offers the Collaborative Digital Accountability Governance model as a conceptual framework that positions technological integration, institutional collaboration, and public participation as foundational pillars for strengthening public accountability in the digital era.