Analisis Pembingkaian Kekerasan Seksual dalam Konflik Rusia-Ukraina 2022 oleh The Guardian dan РИА Новости (RIA Novosti)

Mochamad Aviandy; Novia Sarifa Az-zahra

doi:10.47313/pujangga.v10i1.2643

Authors

Mochamad Aviandy Universitas Indonesia
Novia Sarifa Az-zahra Universitas Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47313/pujangga.v10i1.2643

Keywords:

Kata kunci, kekerasan seksual dalam konflik, konflik Rusia-Ukraina, pembingkaian, RIA Novosti, The Guardian

Abstract

Abstrak

Kekerasan seksual dalam konflik merupakan fenomena yang akrab dalam sejarah peperangan dan konflik dunia. Berdasarkan laporan Human Rights Watch dan PBB, kekerasan seksual kembali terjadi pada konflik Rusia-Ukraina 2022. Berbagai media massa, seperti media Inggris The Guardian dan media Rusia RIA Novosti, menyajikan topik ini dengan cara yang berbeda dalam artikel-artikelnya. Dalam pandangan konstruktivisme, perbedaan cara penyajian berita itu merupakan hal yang wajar karena berita bukanlah cermin realitas, melainkan hasil konstruksi dari proses pembingkaian. Lalu, bagaimana media The Guardian dan RIA Novosti membingkai kekerasan seksual dalam konflik Rusia-Ukraina selama 24 Februari–31 Desember 2022? Bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana bingkai atas topik tersebut ditampilkan oleh The Guardian dan RIA Novosti, penelitian ini menganalisis artikel-artikel dari kedua media dengan model pembingkaian milik Robert Entman. Dari temuan penelitian ini, dapat dimaknai bahwa The Guardian membingkai topik kekerasan seksual dalam konflik Rusia-Ukraina 2022 sebagai masalah HAM dan transnasional, sedangkan RIA Novosti membingkai topik tersebut sebagai tuduhan palsu terhadap Rusia.

Abstract

Conflict-related sexual violence is a familiar phenomenon inside the world's history of war and conflict. Based on Human Rights Watch and the UN's reports, sexual violence was occurring again in the 2022 Russia-Ukraine conflict. Various mass media, such as British media The Guardian and Russian media RIA Novosti, delivered this topic differently in their news articles. From the view of constructivism, the difference in the way of delivering news is prevalent because news is not a mirror of reality but the result of a construction from a framing process. Then, how did The Guardian and RIA Novosti frame sexual violence in the Russia-Ukraine conflict from 24 February–31 December 2022? Aiming to know how the frame of the topic was served by The Guardian and RIA Novosti, this study analyzes articles from both medias using Robert Entman's framing model. From the findings of this study, it can be interpreted that The Guardian framed the topic of sexual violence in the 2022 Russia-Ukraine conflict as a human rights and transnational issue, while RIA Novosti framed it as a false accusation against Russia.

Author Biography

Mochamad Aviandy, Universitas Indonesia

Program Studi Rusia, Fakultas Ilmu Pengetahuan Budaya, Universitas Indonesia

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